Lim, Elizabeth H. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-3637
Franklin, Peter http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9983-1212
Trevenen, Michelle L.
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
Yeap, Bu B.
Almeida, Osvaldo P.
Hankey, Graeme J.
Golledge, Jonathan
Etherton-Beer, Christopher
Flicker, Leon
Robinson, Suzanne
Heyworth, Jane
Article History
Received: 18 October 2022
Revised: 6 August 2023
Accepted: 18 August 2023
First Online: 8 September 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Written information and consent forms were provided to all study participants at the time of recruitment, and all procedures and activities followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The HIMS has had Ethics committee approvals since initial recruitment in 1996 (University of Western Australia (UWA) Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC), RA/4/1/5765). The current study has been approved by both the Department of Health Western Australia (HDWA) HREC (RGS0000002777) and the UWA HREC (2022/ET000199).