Blechter, Batel http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-2554
Wong, Jason Y. Y.
Chien, Li-Hsin
Shiraishi, Kouya http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-7400
Shu, Xiao-Ou
Cai, Qiuyin
Zheng, Wei http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1226-070X
Ji, Bu-Tian
Hu, Wei
Rahman, Mohammad L. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-0495
Jiang, Hsin-Fang
Tsai, Fang-Yu
Huang, Wen-Yi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-3368
Gao, Yu-Tang
Han, Xijing
Steinwandel, Mark D.
Yang, Gong
Daida, Yihe G.
Liang, Su-Ying
Gomez, Scarlett L.
DeRouen, Mindy C.
Diver, W. Ryan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-9000
Reddy, Ananya G.
Patel, Alpa V.
Le Marchand, Loïc
Haiman, Christopher http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-9971
Kohno, Takashi
Cheng, Iona
Chang, I-Shou
Hsiung, Chao Agnes
Rothman, Nathaniel
Lan, Qing
Article History
Received: 26 August 2023
Revised: 17 January 2024
Accepted: 19 January 2024
First Online: 22 February 2024
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Each participating study obtained its own institutional review board approval. Sutter Health of Northern California and Kaiser Permanente Hawaiʽi received waiver of consent, and consent for participants in MEC was received with receipt of baseline questionnaire. All remaining participants provided written or electronic informed consent. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan (EC1030707-E), which conforms to the STROBE GUIDELINE for observation studies. All the patients’ personal information was protected by encrypting their identification numbers, and all the analyses were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and performed in a secured area administered by the Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan. Only summary tables could be brought out after verification by the officials to assure that there was no leakage of personal information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.