Kato, Terufumi
Yang, James Chih-Hsin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-5138
Ahn, Myung-Ju
Sakai, Hiroshi
Morise, Masahiro
Chen, Yuh-Min
Han, Ji-Youn
Yang, Jin-Ji
Zhao, Jun
Hsia, Te-Chun
Berghoff, Karin
Bruns, Rolf
Vioix, Helene
Lang, Simone
Johne, Andreas
Le, Xiuning
Paik, Paul K.
Article History
Received: 2 October 2023
Revised: 30 January 2024
Accepted: 6 February 2024
First Online: 4 April 2024
Competing interests
: TK: Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., Japan, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Regeneron, AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Ono, Pfizer, Taiho, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Nippon Kayaku, Takeda; JCHY: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Bayer, Roche/Genentech, Chugai Pharmaceutical, MSD, Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, Ono Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, ACT Genomics, Celgene, Yuhan Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Hansoh Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Blueprint Medicines, Amgen, Merck; MJA: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Lilly, Ono Pharmaceutical, Roche, Takeda, YUHAN, Amgen, Novartis, Arcus, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Alpha Pharmaceuticals, Merck; HS: BMS, Ono Pharmaceutical, MSD, K.K., AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharma, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck; MM: MSD, Chugai and Roche, AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Merck; JYH: AstraZeneca, Merck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Amgen, Abion, Oncobix, J Ints Bio, Yuhan, Pfizer, Takeda, Ono Pharmaceutical, Roche; KB, RB, HV, SL, AJ: Employees of Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; RB holds stocks in Merck; XL: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Boehringer Ingelheim; PKP: Takeda, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Bicara, Novartis, Mirati, Janssen, IDEOlogy, Touch IME, Excerpta Medica, ACE Oncology, Physicians Education Resource, Medscape, Agile, Axis Medical Education, PeerVoice, Aptitude Health, MJH, Annenberg Center, Cardinal Health; YMC, JJY, JZ, TCH: the authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Approval of the research protocol by an Institutional Reviewer Board: The study was approved by the institutional review board or independent ethics committee of each center.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice, local laws, and applicable regulatory requirements. All patients provided written informed consent for participation.