Marb, Anne http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1420-0180
Libuda, Lars
Standl, Marie
Koletzko, Sibylle
Bauer, Carl-Peter
Schikowski, Tamara
Berdel, Dietrich
von Berg, Andrea
Herberth, Gunda http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-3509
Bühlmeier, Judith
Harris, Carla P. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-6976
Article History
Received: 22 October 2021
Revised: 8 March 2022
Accepted: 16 March 2022
First Online: 1 April 2022
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local ethics committees: Bavarian Board of Physicians (No. 05100 10-year follow-up GINIplus; No. 07098 10-year follow-up LISA; No. 10090 15-year follow-up GINIplus; No. 12067 15-year follow-up LISA), Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig (No. 345-2007 10-year follow-up LISA), Board of Physicians of Saxony (No. EK-BR-02/13-1 15-year follow-up LISA) and Board of Physicians of North-Rhine-Westphalia (No. 2005407 10-year follow-up GINIplus; No. 2008153 10-year follow-up LISA; No. 2010424 15-year follow-up GINIplus; No. 2012446 15-year follow-up LISA). All participants and their families gave written informed consent before study onset.