Yahia, Ashraf http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-8264
Hamed, Ahlam A. A.
Mohamed, Inaam N.
Elseed, Maha A.
Salih, Mustafa A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-2111
El-sadig, Sarah M.
Siddig, Hassab Elrasoul
Nasreldien, Ali Elsir Musa
Abdullah, Mohamed Ahmed
Elzubair, Maha
Omer, Farouk Yassen
Bakhiet, Aisha Motwakil
Abubaker, Rayan
Abozar, Fatima
Adil, Rawaa
Emad, Sara
Musallam, Mhammed Alhassan
Eltazi, Isra Z. M.
Omer, Zulfa
Malik, Hiba
Mohamed, Mayada O. E.
Elhassan, Ali A. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-4494
Mohamed, Eman O. E.
Ahmed, Ahmed K. M. A.
Ahmed, Elhami A. A.
Eltaraifee, Esraa
Hussein, Bidour K.
Abd Allah, Amal S. I.
Salah, Lina
Nimir, Mohamed http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-6685
Tag Elseed, Omnia M.
Elhassan, Tasneem E. A.
Elbashier, Abubakr
Alfadul, Esraa S. A. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9812-5095
Fadul, Moneeb
Ali, Khalil F.
Taha, Shaimaa Omer M. A.
Bushara, Elfatih E.
Amin, Mutaz
Koko, Mahmoud http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-0184
Ibrahim, Muntaser E. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-2143
Ahmed, Ammar E.
Elsayed, Liena E. O.
Stevanin, Giovanni http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-8657
Funding for this research was provided by:
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (779257 - Solve-RD)
King Saud University (RSP-2020/38, RSP-2020/38)
The Association Connaitre les Syndromes Cérébelleux ASL-HSP-France patient association Ministry of Higher Education, Sudan French Embassy, Sudan
The Ministry of Higher Education, Sudan and the French Embassy, Sudan
Article History
Received: 30 October 2022
Revised: 12 February 2023
Accepted: 13 March 2023
First Online: 3 April 2023
Competing interests
: GS received a grant from BIOGEN (Cambridge, USA) unrelated to this work, and the other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This study was approved by The Ethical Committee of Medical Campus, University of Khartoum, Sudan, and The Ethical Committee of the National University, Sudan (approval number NU-RECG200). All procedures in this study were performed per the 1975 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. Informed written consent forms for participation were obtained from all participants or their guardians. DNA was anonymized and this report does not contain pedigree or full genealogical data to preserve this anonymization.