Bramble, Matthew S.
Vashist, Neerja
Ko, Arthur http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-7225
Priya, Sambhawa
Musasa, Céleste http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1495-1478
Mathieu, Alban
Spencer, D’ Andre
Lupamba Kasendue, Michel
Mamona Dilufwasayo, Patrick http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-6478
Karume, Kevin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4189-1511
Nsibu, Joanna
Manya, Hans http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-3483
Uy, Mary N. A. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9093-6950
Colwell, Brian http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-2778
Boivin, Michael http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-1777
Mayambu, J. P. Banae
Okitundu, Daniel
Droit, Arnaud http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7922-790X
Mumba Ngoyi, Dieudonné http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-2004
Blekhman, Ran
Tshala-Katumbay, Desire http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-9471
Vilain, Eric
Article History
Received: 1 September 2020
Accepted: 24 August 2021
First Online: 10 September 2021
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Prior to any specimen collection, community consent was first obtained from village leaders. Informed and written consent was then obtained from the Chef de zone/Médecin de zone, who represent the interests of the ministry of health and individuals in the study population. Upon approval and consent by the representatives, verbal and/or written consent was obtained from the parent and/or guardian of the children that participated in the study. Verbal consent was obtained when there were limitations with literacy and the individual expressed a general disinclination to signing written documents that cannot be read and fully comprehended by them. The study posed no harm to subjects, and participants could choose to not donate samples. The study was approved by the IRB review board at the Oregon Health & Science University (OSHU) (IRB FWA00000161) and from the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).