Ozer, Egon A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-3691
Simons, Lacy M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-6775
Adewumi, Olubusuyi M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-5808
Fowotade, Adeola A.
Omoruyi, Ewean C.
Adeniji, Johnson A.
Olayinka, Oluseyi A.
Dean, Taylor J.
Zayas, Janet
Bhimalli, Pavan P.
Ash, Michelle K.
Maiga, Almoustapha I.
Somboro, Anou M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-7740
Maiga, Mamoudou
Godzik, Adam
Schneider, Jeffrey R.
Mamede, João I. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-1876
Taiwo, Babafemi O.
Hultquist, Judd F. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-4280
Lorenzo-Redondo, Ramon http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-9483
Article History
Received: 10 November 2021
Accepted: 18 January 2022
First Online: 3 February 2022
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was reviewed and approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (NHREC) with NHREC protocol number NHREC/01/01/2007 and the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee (UI/UCH HREC) with protocol number UI/EC/20/0233. Project name: Phylodynamics and molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria. Samples from convalescent individuals from Nigeria were collected under a study approved by NHREC with NHREC approval number IRB/20/028. Project name: Plasma and PBMC repository to elucidate the immune and cytokine profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Nigerians. Samples from vaccinated individuals from the USA were collected under a study approved by the Institutional Review Board of Rush University with protocol number 20032502-IRB01. Project name: SARS CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Immunity, and drug Development. The Mali sample collection was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology and the Faculty of Pharmacy (FMOS/FAPH) of the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB) in Mali under the number 2020/193/CE/FMOS/FAPH. Project Name: Clinical and Virological Characterization of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mali. Residual nasopharyngeal swab samples from diagnostic tests administered in Nigeria were provided to the investigators in a de-identified manner with no additional clinical data and were used solely for the purposes of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance. The ethics approval for the use of residual nasopharyngeal swab samples included a waiver of informed consent.
: Informed consent was obtained for all the sera samples used in this study for neutralization experiments, as well as all samples collected in Mali for viral sequencing. Only sera samples from adult participants were used for neutralization experiments.