Krishnan, Gopinath
Raitcheva, Denitza
Bartlett, Daniel
Prudencio, Mercedes
McKenna-Yasek, Diane M.
Douthwright, Catherine
Oskarsson, Björn E.
Ladha, Shafeeq
King, Oliver D.
Barmada, Sami J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-968X
Miller, Timothy M.
Bowser, Robert http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-7259
Watts, Jonathan K. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-1734
Petrucelli, Leonard
Brown, Robert H. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-1528
Kankel, Mark W.
Gao, Fen-Biao http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-5404
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R37NS057553)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (R01NS101986)
Article History
Received: 14 November 2021
Accepted: 29 April 2022
First Online: 19 May 2022
Competing interests
: D.R., D.B., and M.W.K. are employees and shareholders of Biogen. S.L. received research support from Biogen (Cambridge, MA), Sanofi (Paris, France), Amylyx Pharmaceuticals (Cambridge, MA), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma (Osaka, Japan), and consulting from Biogen (Cambridge, MA). B.O. received research support from Biogen (Cambridge, MA), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America (Jersey City, NJ), MediciNova (La Jolla, CA), AZ Therapeutics (Cambridge, MA), Eisai (Tokyo, Japan), and consulting fees from Biogen (Cambridge, MA), Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, (Cambridge, MA), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America (Jersey City, NJ), MediciNova (La Jolla, CA), and Tsumura (Tokyo, Japan). S.J.B. consults for Exicure (Chicago, IL), Clene (Salt Lake City, UT), KorroBio (Cambridge, MA), Faze Medicine (Cambridge, MA), and NeuroCures Foundation. T.M.M. received consulting fees from Ionis, Disarm Therapeutics, Cytokinetics and has licensing agreement with Ionis and C2N, and serves on the advisory boards of Biogen and UCB. R.B. is the founder of Iron Horse Diagnostics (Phoenix, AZ) and consults for Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America (Jersey City, NJ), Takeda (Tokyo, Japan), Aural Analytics (Scottsdale, AZ), and NeuroCures Foundation. J.K.W. is an ad hoc consultant for BridgeBio and Flagship Pioneering, and is on the Scientific Advisory Board of PepGen. L.P. is a consultant for Expansion therapeutics. R.H.B. consulted for Wave Life Sciences and is co-founder of Apic Bio. F.-B.G. received an honorarium from Alkermes company. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.