Nickels, Eric M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-263X
Li, Shaobo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-5338
Myint, Swe Swe http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-088X
Arroyo, Katti
Feng, Qianxi
Siegmund, Kimberly D. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-9726
de Smith, Adam J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-7543
Wiemels, Joseph L. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4838-9951
Article History
Received: 8 October 2021
Accepted: 28 September 2022
First Online: 14 October 2022
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The procedures for obtaining archived dried blood spots (DBS) from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) have already passed human subjects approval at the State of California institutional review board (IRB) with reliances at other institutions, including IRB approval from the University of Southern California (USC). The CDPH Genetic Diseases Screening Branch obtains DBS from all neonates born within the state with the purpose of the Newborn Screening Program (NBS). The following use in the NBS, the remaining samples are archived under the California Biobank Program and are made available for use in appropriate scientific investigations under an “opt-out” mechanism per Section 6505 of Title 17 of the California Administrative Code. Subjects and parents of subjects are thus not required to opt-in to selected appropriate scientific investigations. Samples are stored and can be accessed for research purposes with approval from the California Health and Human Services Agency’s (CHHSA) Committee on the Protection of Human Subjects (CPHS). Approval from the CPHS for samples to be used in this proposal has been obtained under protocol #17-04-2958.