Ayyar, B. Vijayalakshmi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-9546
Ettayebi, Khalil http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-4693
Salmen, Wilhelm http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-2852
Karandikar, Umesh C. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-9675
Neill, Frederick H.
Tenge, Victoria R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-7161
Crawford, Sue E.
Bieberich, Erhard
Prasad, B. V. Venkataram http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1172-2071
Atmar, Robert L. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-6772
Estes, Mary K. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-4249
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI057788, T32AI055413)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056338)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NIH Office of the Director (S10OD028480)
Welch Foundation (Q1279)
Article History
Received: 7 March 2022
Accepted: 30 January 2023
First Online: 28 February 2023
Competing interests
: M.K.E. is named as an inventor on patents related to cloning of the Norwalk virus genome and HuNoV cultivation and has received research funding from Takeda Vaccines Business Unit (Cambridge, MA, USA). R.L.A. is named as an inventor on patents related to HuNoV cultivation and has received research support from Takeda Vaccines Business Unit (Cambridge, MA, USA). The funders had no role in the study design; data collection, analyses, or interpretation; manuscript writing, or decision to publish the results so there are no competing interests. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.