Liu, Zheng http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6842-6273
Lee, Pyung-Gang
Krez, Nadja http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-501X
Lam, Kwok-ho
Liu, Hao
Przykopanski, Adina
Chen, Peng http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-7683
Yao, Guorui
Zhang, Sicai
Tremblay, Jacqueline M.
Perry, Kay http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-1704
Shoemaker, Charles B. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-1361
Rummel, Andreas http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0645-1641
Dong, Min http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-7293
Jin, Rongsheng http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-7363
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI123920, R21AI156092, R01AI158503, R01AI125704, R01AI139087, R01AI125704, R01AI139087, R01AI132387)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS080833)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Article History
Received: 15 September 2021
Accepted: 3 April 2023
First Online: 24 April 2023
Competing interests
: R.J. is a co-founder, shareholder, and consultant of Claruvis Biotech, a shareholder of MingMed Biotech, and the founder of J&Z Consulting. R.J.'s relationship with these companies has been reviewed and approved by the University of California Irvine in accordance with its competing interest policies. A provisional patent application has been filed by The Regents of the University of California on the use of the structural information described in this manuscript to engineer BoNT/E for therapeutic and cosmetic applications with R.J. and Z.L. as inventors. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.