Sokol-Borrelli, Sarah L.
Reilly, Sarah M.
Holmes, Michael J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-287X
Orchanian, Stephanie B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-1074
Massmann, Mackenzie D.
Sharp, Katherine G. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-9243
Cabo, Leah F. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-9900
Alrubaye, Hisham S.
Martorelli Di Genova, Bruno http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-1856
Lodoen, Melissa B.
Sullivan, William J. Jr.
Boyle, Jon P. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0000-9243
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI116855, F31AI140529, F31NS118865, R01AI120846, R21AI167662, R01AI124723)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F31AI167594)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM133353)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Article History
Received: 23 February 2023
Accepted: 16 August 2023
First Online: 28 September 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures involving animals were approved by the local IACUC at either the University of Pittsburgh or the University of California Irvine. Laboratory safety and recombinant DNA procedures were approved by the local Environmental Health and Safety and Institutional Biosafety Committees at the University of Pittsburgh, Indiana University School of Medicine, and University of California Irvine. For animal experiments female mice were used in all studies as this is the most well-characterized animal model for <i>T. gondii</i> infection and our goal was to examine cyst formation of our mutants rather than directly assess the impact on the host. It would be, in this case, ethically questionable to perform all experiments in both males and females as this would require additional pilot studies in males and double the number of animals used in our experiments unnecessarily.