Standing, Joseph F. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-7173
Buggiotti, Laura http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-7800
Guerra-Assuncao, Jose Afonso
Woodall, Maximillian
Ellis, Samuel
Agyeman, Akosua A.
Miller, Charles
Okechukwu, Mercy
Kirkpatrick, Emily
Jacobs, Amy I.
Williams, Charlotte A.
Roy, Sunando
Martin-Bernal, Luz M.
Williams, Rachel
Smith, Claire M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-0009
Sanderson, Theo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4177-2851
Ashford, Fiona B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-3864
Emmanuel, Beena
Afzal, Zaheer M.
Shields, Adrian http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5345-2156
Richter, Alex G.
Dorward, Jienchi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-1430
Gbinigie, Oghenekome
Van Hecke, Oliver
Lown, Mark
Francis, Nick
Jani, Bhautesh
Richards, Duncan B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8093-7084
Rahman, Najib M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-1680
Yu, Ly-Mee http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-7364
Thomas, Nicholas P. B.
Hart, Nigel D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-1746
Evans, Philip http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5277-3545
Andersson, Monique http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0619-1074
Hayward, Gail
Hood, Kerenza http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8631
Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-4655
Little, Paul
Hobbs, F. D. Richard
Khoo, Saye http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2769-0967
Butler, Christopher http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-3453
Lowe, David M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6102-2375
Breuer, Judith http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0534
Allen, Julie
Bayzid, Nadua
Brown, Julianne
Burns, Doug
Hadley, Elizabeth
Hatcher, Jim
McHugh, Tim
Thalasselis, Chris
Tomlinson, Mia
Yongblah, Francis
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR135366)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/X004724/1)
Article History
Received: 4 August 2023
Accepted: 26 January 2024
First Online: 23 February 2024
Competing interests
: J.F.S. has participated on a data safety monitoring board for GlaxoSmithKline (Sotrovimab) with fees paid to his institution. JSN-V-T was seconded to the Department of Health and Social Care, England (DHSC) from October 2017–March 2022. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of DHSC or any of its arms-length bodies. JSN-V-T performed one-off paid consultancy for Merck Sharp and Dohme in June 2023, unrelated to the subject of the manuscript. K.H. was a member of the Health Technology Assessment General Committee and Funding Strategy Group until November 2022, and Research Professors Funding Committee at the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), received a grant from AstraZeneca (paid to their institution) to support a trial of Evusheld for the prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk individuals (RAPID-Protection), and was an independent member of the independent data monitoring committee for the OCTAVE-DUO trial of vaccines in individuals at high risk of COVID-19. D.M.L. has received grants or contracts from LifeArc, the UK Medical Research Council, Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, and Blood Cancer UK, personal fees or honoraria from Biotest UK, Gilead, and Merck, consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline (paid to their institution), and conference support from Octapharma. DBR has received consulting fees from OMASS Therapeutics, GSK, and Sosei-Heptares and has a leadership and fiduciary role in the Heal-COVID trial TMG. M.L. is a member of the data monitoring and ethics committee of RAPIS-TEST (NIHR efficacy and mechanism evaluation). S.K. reports grants from GlaxoSmithKline, ViiV, Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, Vir, Merck, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Wellcome Trust (all paid to his institution), speaker’s honoraria from ViiV, and donations of drugs for clinical studies from ViiV Healthcare, Toyama, and GlaxoSmithKline. M.A. has received grants from the Blood and Transplant Research Unit, Janssen, Pfizer, Prenetics, Dunhill Medical Trust, the BMA Trust (Kathleen Harper Fund), and Antibiotic Research UK (all of which were paid to their institution), and consultancy fees from Prenetics and OxDx. M.A. reports a planned patent for Ramanomics, has participated on data safety monitoring boards or advisory boards for Prenetics, and has an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role in the E3 Initiative. NPBT has received payment for participation on an advisory board from MSD (before any knowledge or planning of this trial). O.v.H. has received consulting fees from MindGap (fees paid to Oxford University lnnovation), has participated on data safety monitoring boards or advisory boards for the CHICO trial, and has an unpaid leadership or fiduciary role in the British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J.B. has received consulting fees from GlaxoSmithKline (paid to her institution). All other authors declare no competing interests.