Lam, Ivan Chun Hang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5891-3940
Zhang, Ran
Man, Kenneth Keng Cheung http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-1942
Wong, Carlos King Ho http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6895-6071
Chui, Celine Sze Ling
Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-1959
Li, Xue http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4836-7808
Chan, Esther Wai Yin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7602-9470
Lau, Chak Sing http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6698-8355
Wong, Ian Chi Kei http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-0014
Wan, Eric Yuk Fai http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-1147
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (C7154-20GF)
Food and Health Bureau (COVID19F01)
Food and Health Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region | Health and Medical Research Fund (COVID1903011)
Article History
Received: 24 August 2023
Accepted: 8 February 2024
First Online: 26 February 2024
Competing interests
: K.K.C.M. reported grants from the Hong Kong Research Grant Council, the CW Maplethorpe Fellowship, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, European Commission Framework Horizon 2020, Innovation and Technology Commission of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and personal fees from IQVIA Ltd outside the submitted work. CKHW. reports the receipt of General Research Fund, Research Grant Council, Government of Hong Kong SAR; EuroQol Research Foundation; AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim, all outside the submitted work. C.S.L.C. has received grants from the Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Government, Hong Kong Research Grant Council, Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission, Pfizer, IQVIA, and Amgen; and personal fees from PrimeVigilance; outside the submitted work. F.T.T.L. has been supported by the RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship under the Hong Kong Research Grants Council and has received research grants from the Health Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, outside the submitted work. X.L. has received research grants from Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF, HMRF Fellowship Scheme, HKSAR), Research Grants Council Early Career Scheme (RGC/ECS, HKSAR), Janssen and Pfizer; internal funding from the University of Hong Kong; consultancy fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme and Pfizer, unrelated to this work. E.W.C. reports grants from Research Grants Council (RGC, Hong Kong), Research Fund Secretariat of the Food and Health Bureau, National Natural Science Fund of China, Wellcome Trust, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Amgen, Takeda, and Narcotics Division of the Security Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; honorarium from Hospital Authority; outside the submitted work. ICKW reports grants from Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Janssen, Bayer, GSK and Novartis, the Hong Kong RGC, and the Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund in Hong Kong, National Institute for Health Research in England, European Commission, National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia, consulting fees from IQVIA and World Health Organization, payment for expert testimony for Appeal Court of Hong Kong and is a non-executive director of Jacobson Medical in Hong Kong and Therakind in England, outside of the submitted work; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. EYFW has received research grants from the Health Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.