Ni Lochlainn, Mary http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5702-1759
Bowyer, Ruth C. E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6941-8160
Moll, Janne Marie http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-4528
García, María Paz
Wadge, Samuel
Baleanu, Andrei-Florin
Nessa, Ayrun
Sheedy, Alyce
Akdag, Gulsah
Hart, Deborah http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9066-4614
Raffaele, Giulia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0925-4632
Seed, Paul T. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7904-7933
Murphy, Caroline
Harridge, Stephen D. R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-0769
Welch, Ailsa A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-3704
Greig, Carolyn
Whelan, Kevin http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5414-2950
Steves, Claire J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-0489
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR300159)
Article History
Received: 4 August 2023
Accepted: 12 February 2024
First Online: 29 February 2024
Competing interests
: C.J.S. has consulted for Zoe Limited for work on the Zoe Health Study. Janne Marie Moll is an employee of Clinical Microbiomics. K.W. is a co-inventor/patent holder for volatile organic compounds in the diagnosis and management of irritable bowel syndrome. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: The PROMOTe Study was approved by NHS North of Scotland Research Ethics Service (REC reference 21/NS/0045), IRAS ID 257415. This study was carried out under TwinsUK BioBank ethics, approved by North West—Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (REC reference 19/NW/0187), IRAS ID 258513. This approval supersedes earlier approvals granted to TwinsUK by the St Thomas’ Hospital Research Ethics Committee, later London—Westminster Research Ethics Committee (REC reference EC04/015), which have now been subsumed within the TwinsUK BioBank. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All research, therefore carried out in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.