Lin, Audrie http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-3469
Mertens, Andrew N. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-6721
Rahman, Md. Ziaur
Tan, Sophia T.
Il’yasova, Dora
Spasojevic, Ivan http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9890-6246
Ali, Shahjahan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3883-1208
Stewart, Christine P. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-8571
Fernald, Lia C. H.
Kim, Lisa
Yan, Liying
Meyer, Ann
Karim, Md. Rabiul
Shahriar, Sunny
Shuman, Gabrielle
Arnold, Benjamin F. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-7295
Hubbard, Alan E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-0127
Famida, Syeda L.
Akther, Salma
Hossen, Md. Saheen
Mutsuddi, Palash
Shoab, Abul K.
Shalev, Idan
Rahman, Mahbubur http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-2683
Unicomb, Leanne
Heaney, Christopher D.
Kariger, Patricia
Colford, John M. Jr.
Luby, Stephen P. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-899X
Granger, Douglas A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPPGD759)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K01AI136885)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NCI | Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (P30-CA014236-47)
Article History
Received: 13 February 2023
Accepted: 16 April 2024
First Online: 26 April 2024
Competing interests
: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. In the interest of full disclosure, Douglas Granger is the founder and chief scientific and strategy advisor at Salimetrics LLC and SalivaBio LLC and these relationships are managed by the policies of the committees on conflict of interest at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the University of California at Irvine. Liying Yan is the president of EpigenDx, Inc. Ann Meyer is the Associate Director of Operations at EpigenDx, Inc. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: The study complied with all relevant ethical regulations. The research included local researchers and stakeholders throughout the research process. The research is locally relevant as determined in collaboration with local partners at icddr,b. Roles and responsibilities as outlined in the author contributions section were agreed amongst collaborators ahead of the research. Capacity-building was included in all aspects of the research including intervention implementation, data collection, data analyses, laboratory analyses, and manuscript development. The parent trial included plans for local partners to lead and publish manuscripts and to disseminate study findings at conferences and other forums. Study protocols were approved by human subjects committees at the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) (PR-11063 and PR-14108), the University of California, Berkeley (2011-09-3652 and 2014-07-6561) and Stanford University (25863 and 35583). icddr,b organized a data safety monitoring committee that oversaw the trial. All researchers on the project have access to all biological materials stored in Bangladesh and the United States. We have taken local and regional research relevant to our study into account in the citations.