Miller, Shannon M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-043X
Crouse, Bethany http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-2465
Hicks, Linda
Amin, Hardik http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-4036
Cole, Shelby
Bazin, Helene G.
Burkhart, David J.
Pravetoni, Marco
Evans, Jay T. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-0272
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009, HHSN272201800048C, 75N93019R00009)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (UG3DA048386)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Article History
Received: 1 March 2022
Accepted: 22 June 2023
First Online: 10 July 2023
Competing interests
: M.P. is the inventor of patents related to fentanyl haptens, fentanyl hapten conjugates, and methods for making and using the same. J.T.E., D.J.B., and H.G.B. are co-inventors of INI-4001. H.G.B. is a co-inventor of INI-2002. J.T.E., H.G.B., D.J.B., and S.M.M. hold stock options in Inimmune Corporation. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.