Dai, Enyong http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-3454
Chen, Xin http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-4830
Linkermann, Andreas
Jiang, Xuejun http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-3828
Kang, Rui http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-1574
Kagan, Valerian E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-1885
Bayir, Hülya
Yang, Wan Seok
Garcia-Saez, Ana J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-5945
Ioannou, Maria S. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-8626
Janowitz, Tobias http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7820-3727
Ran, Qitao
Gu, Wei http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1480-2368
Gan, Boyi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8884-6040
Krysko, Dmitri V. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9692-2047
Zhu, Xiaofeng http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-0796
Wang, Jiayi
Krautwald, Stefan http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-2132
Toyokuni, Shinya http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5757-1109
Xie, Yangchun
Greten, Florian R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-6080
Yi, Qing http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-3398
Schick, Joel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-4910
Liu, Jiao
Gabrilovich, Dmitry I. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9913-6407
Liu, Jinbao http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-2407
Zeh, Herbert J.
Zhang, Donna D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-697X
Yang, Minghua
Iovanna, Juan
Kopf, Manfred
Adolph, Timon E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-830X
Chi, Jen-Tsan
Li, Changfeng
Ichijo, Hidenori http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5005-6438
Karin, Michael
Sankaran, Vijay G. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0044-443X
Zou, Weiping http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-3549
Galluzzi, Lorenzo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-8500
Bush, Ashley I. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-9069
Li, Binghui http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-8010
Melino, Gerry http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-5972
Baehrecke, Eric H. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-5064
Lotze, Michael T. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-5419
Klionsky, Daniel J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-8118
Stockwell, Brent R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-3868
Kroemer, Guido http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4405
Tang, Daolin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-6180
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (733 310030_170320)
Article History
Received: 1 September 2023
Accepted: 18 January 2024
First Online: 29 February 2024
Competing interests
: B.R.S. is an inventor on patents and patent applications involving ferroptosis, co-founded (and serves as a consultant to, ProJenX and Exarta Therapeutics, holds equity in Sonata Therapeutics and serves as a consultant to Weatherwax Biotechnologies Corporation and Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP. B.G. is an inventor on patent applications involving targeting ferroptosis in cancer therapy and reports personal fees from Guidepoint Global, Cambridge Solutions and NGM Bio. D.I.G. is an employee and shareholder of AstraZeneca. V.G.S. serves as an advisor to, and/or has equity, in Branch Biosciences, Ensoma and Cellarity (all unrelated to the present work). L.G. has/had research contracts with Lytix Biopharma, Promontory and Onxeo; received consulting/advisory honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, OmniSEQ, Onxeo, The Longevity Labs, Inzen, Imvax, Sotio, Promontory, Noxopharm, EduCom and the Luke Heller TECPR2 Foundation; and holds Promontory stock options. A.I.B. holds shares in Cogstate Ltd, Alterity Ltd and a profit share with Collaborative Medicinal Development LLC, and acts as a paid consultant to Collaborative Medicinal Development LLC. X.J. is an inventor of patents related to autophagy and cell death, and holds equity in, and also consults for, Exarta Therapeutics and Lime Therapeutics. G.K. has research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Tollys, and Vascage; is on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France; is a scientific cofounder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics and Therafast Bio; is on the scientific advisory boards of Hevolution, Institut Servier and Longevity Vision Funds; and is the inventor of patents covering therapeutic targeting of ageing, cancer, cystic fibrosis and metabolic disorders. G.K.’s wife, L. Zitvogel, has held research contracts with GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Lytix, Kaleido, Innovate Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Pilege, Merus, Transgene, 9 m, Tusk and Roche; she was on the Board of Directors of Transgene, is a cofounder of everImmune and holds patents covering the treatment of cancer and the therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota. G.K.’s brother, R. Kroemer, was an employee of Sanofi and now consults for Boehringer Ingelheim. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. The funders had no role in the writing of the manuscript.