Balmford, Andrew http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-3589
Keshav, Srinivasan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-0464
Venmans, Frank http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-6606
Coomes, David http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8261-2582
Groom, Ben http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-143X
Madhavapeddy, Anil http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-2428
Swinfield, Tom http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-5090
Funding for this research was provided by:
Royal Society
RCUK | Economic and Social Research Council (ES/R009708/1, ES/R009708/1)
RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NE/X002292/1, NE/X002292/1)
Frank Jackson Foundation
Dragon Capital Chair
Frank Jackson Foundation Tezos Foundation
Article History
Received: 3 April 2023
Accepted: 22 August 2023
First Online: 30 October 2023
Competing interests
: A.B. is a trustee of the World Land Trust, a non-governmental organization that supports forest-based carbon projects. The Cambridge Centre for Carbon Credits (4C) has no commercial interest in carbon credits.