Stass, Robert http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5224-0036
Engdahl, Taylor B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6280-4405
Chapman, Nathaniel S.
Wolters, Rachael M. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-7515
Handal, Laura S. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-4411
Diaz, Summer M.
Crowe, James E. Jr http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-1079
Bowden, Thomas A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-8785
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/V031635/1, MR/S007555/1)
Wellcome Trust (203141/Z/16/Z, 203141/Z/16/Z)
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (5T32GM008320-30)
Merck KGaA (2019 Future Insight Prize, 2019 Future Insight Prize, 2019 Future Insight Prize, 2019 Future Insight Prize, 2019 Future Insight Prize, 2019 Future Insight Prize)
Article History
Received: 22 July 2022
Accepted: 17 May 2023
First Online: 15 June 2023
Competing interests
: J.E.C. has served as a consultant for Luna Labs USA, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Emergent Biosolutions and GlaxoSmithKline; is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Meissa Vaccines, a former member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Gigagen (Grifols) and founder of IDBiologics. The laboratory of J.E.C. received unrelated sponsored research agreements from AstraZeneca, Takeda and IDBiologics during the conduct of the study. Vanderbilt University has applied for patents for some of the antibodies in this paper (patent applications: US20220380442A1, United States, 2020; KR20220098003A, South Korea, 2020; WO2021096829A1, WIPO, 2020). All other authors declare no competing interests.