Liang, Guozhen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-5940
Huang, Heqing http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-7177
Mohanty, Aseema http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-2859
Shin, Min Chul http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-2357
Ji, Xingchen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-0818
Carter, Michael Joseph http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-3738
Shrestha, Sajan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-2248
Lipson, Michal http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-3765
Yu, Nanfang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-4724
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR00111720034, HR00111720034, HR00111720034, HR00111720034, HR00111720034)
National Science Foundation (QII-TAQS-1936359, ECCS-2004685, QII-TAQS-1936359 and ECCS-2004685)
Clare Boothe Luce Professorship from the Henry Luce Foundation
Facebook Fellowship
SMART Scholarship Program of the U.S. Department of Defense
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-14-1-0389, FA9550-14-1-0389 and FA9550-16-1-0322)
Article History
Received: 22 September 2020
Accepted: 8 September 2021
First Online: 22 November 2021
Competing interests
: G.L., H.H., M.L. and N.Y. are listed as inventors in a US non-provisional patent application no. 16/838,714, which is related to the technology reported in this article and claims priority to US provisional applications no. 62/838,084 and 62/828,261 filed by Columbia University. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.