Chen, Zaijun http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-3122
Sludds, Alexander http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-1378
Davis, Ronald III
Christen, Ian
Bernstein, Liane http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-3960
Ateshian, Lamia
Heuser, Tobias
Heermeier, Niels
Lott, James A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-499X
Reitzenstein, Stephan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9838
Hamerly, Ryan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-2236
Englund, Dirk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-3489
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (6945207, 6945207, 6945207, 6945207, 6945207)
United States Department of Defense | United States Army | U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command | Army Research Office (W911NF17-1-0527, W911NF17-1-0527)
National Science Foundation (DMR-1747426, CNS-1946976, 1745302)
Volkswagen Foundation (NeuroQNet 2, NeuroQNet 2, NeuroQNet 2)
Article History
Received: 24 August 2022
Accepted: 16 May 2023
First Online: 17 July 2023
Competing interests
: Z.C., D.E. and R.H. have filed a patent related to VCSEL ONNs, under application no. 63/341,601. D.E. serves as scientific advisor to and holds equity in Lightmatter Inc. A.S. is a senior photonic architect at Lightmatter Inc. and holds equity. Other authors declare no competing interests.