Holmes, Michael V. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-0879
Richardson, Tom G. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-2040
Ference, Brian A.
Davies, Neil M.
Davey Smith, George
Article History
Accepted: 7 December 2020
First Online: 11 March 2021
Competing interests
: M.V.H. has collaborated with Boehringer Ingelheim in research and, in adherence to the University of Oxford’s Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CSTU) staff policy, has not accepted personal honoraria or other payments from pharmaceutical companies. B.A.F. reports receiving grants and personal fees from Amgen and Merck; grants from Esperion Therapeutics and Novartis; and personal fees from CiVi Biopharma, dalCOR, Eli Lilly, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Krka Pharmaceuticals, Medicines Company, Mylan, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Silence Therapeutics, the American College of Cardiology, the European Atherosclerosis Society and the Physicians Academy for Continuing Education. N.M.D. reports funding from the Global Research Awards into Nicotine Dependence (GRAND), which is an independent grant-awarding body funded by Pfizer. G.D.S. has received research support from Biogen and GSK. T.G.R. declares no competing interests.