Thomas, Andrew Maltez http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5789-3354
Fidelle, Marine http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5589-9688
Routy, Bertrand http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-9149
Kroemer, Guido http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4405
Wargo, Jennifer A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3438-7576
Segata, Nicola
Zitvogel, Laurence http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-0998
Article History
Accepted: 10 May 2023
First Online: 26 June 2023
Competing interests
: A.M.T. is a new employee of Microbiotica. B.R. has received grants from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Davoltera, Kaleido, Merck and Vedanta outside the submitted work; and has a patent pending (G17004–00006-AD, use of castalagin or analogues thereof for anticancer efficacy and to increase the response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors). G.K. has held research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Elior, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Samsara, Sanofi, Tollys, Vascage and Vasculox/Tioma; is on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation in France; is a scientific co-founder of EverImmune, Osasona Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics and Therafast Bio; and is an inventor in patents covering therapeutic targeting of ageing, cancer, cystic fibrosis and metabolic disorders. J.A.W. is an inventor on a US patent application (PCT/US17/53.717) submitted by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, which covers methods to enhance immune-checkpoint inhibitor responses by modulating the microbiome; reports compensation for speaker’s bureau and honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Dava Oncology, Exelixis, Gilead, Illumina, Imedex, MedImmune, Omniprex, PeerView and Physician Education Resource; has served as a consultant or advisory board member for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, EverImmune, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Novartis, Roche/Genentech, Micronoma and OSE therapeutics; and receives stock options from Micronoma and OSE therapeutics. L.Z. is the scientific cofounder and President of the scientific advisory board of EverImmune, a company devoted to the use of commensal microorganisms (Oncobax) for the treatment of cancers; has received research grants from 9 meters, Daichi Sankyo, EverImmune and Pileje; is a former member of the board of directors of Transgene; and is a former consulting expert for Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Lytix biotherapeutics and Tusk. M.F. and N.S. declare no competing interests.