Article History
Accepted: 18 August 2023
First Online: 15 September 2023
Competing interests
: M.Z. is an inventor on issued patents on inhibiting FSH for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and obesity (US Patents 8,435,948 and 11,034,761). M.Z. is also an inventor on a patent application on the composition and use of humanized monoclonal anti-FSH antibodies and is a co-inventor of a pending patent on the use of FSH as a target for preventing Alzheimer disease. M.Z. and T.Y. are co-inventors on a pending patent application relating to the effect of luteinizing hormone on body composition and another patent relating to the ultra-high formulation of an FSH-blocking antibody. These patents are owned by Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), and the inventors and co-inventors would be recipients of royalties, per institutional policy. M.Z. also consults for Rani Pharmaceuticals, and several financial platforms, including Gerson Lehman Group and Guidepoint, on drugs for osteoporosis and genetic bone diseases. S.-M.K. declares no competing interests.