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Article History

Accepted: 17 October 2023

First Online: 2 January 2024

Competing interests

: R.C.R. reports consultancy for Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Chinook and Dimerix. He has received research funding from Astra Zeneca, Novo Nordisk, Baxter, Roche and GSK and speaker honoraria from Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Sanofi and Bayer. He is a member of the steering committees of World Kidney Day (2023–2026), the DAPA CKD trial (Astra Zeneca), the FINE-REAL trial (Bayer) and the national leader of the ASCEND study (GSK) and the FLOW study (Novo Nordisk). L.J.M.-B. declares no competing interests. R.S. has received lecture fees from USV India Ltd, Novo Nordisk, Lupin, Torrent Pharma and Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories. K.R.T. reports consultancy for Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca; consultancy and grants from Bayer; consultancy and speaker fees for Novo Nordisk; and grants from Travere outside the submitted work. I.I.U. has received lecture fees from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Sonofi. She is also a Principal Investigator for the Astra Zeneca CaReMe Real-world Registry for patients with kidney disease.