Gunawan, Oki
Pae, Seong Ryul
Bishop, Douglas M.
Virgus, Yudistira
Noh, Jun Hong
Jeon, Nam Joong
Lee, Yun Seog
Shao, Xiaoyan
Todorov, Teodor
Mitzi, David B.
Shin, Byungha
Article History
Received: 2 April 2018
Accepted: 1 August 2019
First Online: 7 October 2019
Competing interests
: The PDL Hall system was developed at IBM Research and documented in the following patent families: (1) O. Gunawan & T. Gokmen, US 9,041,389 (ref. <sup>21</sup>); (2) O. Gunawan & M. Pereira, US 9,772,385 (ref. <sup>22</sup>), US 9,678,040, US 15/581183 and related patent applications (WO 2016162772A1, UK 1717263.6, Japan 2017-552496, Germany 112016000875.9); (3) O. Gunawan, US 15/281,968; (4) O. Gunawan & W. Zhou, US 16/382,937. Patent families (1) and (2) cover the basic a.c. field/PDL Hall system, and (3) and (4) cover the related photo-Hall setup and method.