Article History

Received: 21 August 2020

Accepted: 29 January 2021

First Online: 24 March 2021

Change Date: 6 July 2021

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03736-4

Change Date: 26 April 2021

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03508-0

Competing interests

: R.L.N. is a member of the Forest Protection Advisory Panel at Cargill, and the Center on Food Security and the Environment (FSE) has received funding from the Cargill Foundation for visiting scholars and staff support, but not for research activities. She is also on the Scientific Advisory Board for Oceana and is the President of the Board of Directors for the Aspen Global Change Institute. She participates on the editorial board of <i>Aquaculture Environment Interactions</i>. D.H.K. is a member of the Technical Advisory Group for the Aquaculture Stewardship Council and a member of the Aquaculture Technical Advisory Committee of Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch Program. S.E.S. serves on the Advisory Committee on Aquaculture Science for DFO Canada (ExternalRef removed). She is currently working on two white papers for the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, and has previously chaired the Aquaculture Stewardship Council’s Technical Advisory Committee and the Monterey Bay Seafood Watch Advisory Committee. She also serves as Editor-in-Chief for the <i>Journal of Shellfish Research</i>, and Editor-in-Chief for <i>Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture</i>. A.H.B. is on the Standards Oversight Committee of the Global Aquaculture Alliance. He has no affiliation with any for-profit company; all of his research is supported by the Chilean National Science Agency (ANID) and therefore has no conflict of interest with any aquaculture activity. S.R.B. is a member of the Standards Oversight Committee of the Global Aquaculture Alliance, the Multi-Stakeholder Group of Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch programme, the Technical Advisory Committee of the Good Fish Foundation in the Netherlands, and the Technical Advisory Committee of the Aquaculture Program of the Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH). He has received funding from the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch programme for the development of Aquaculture Governance Indicators. R.W.H. is Editor-in-Chief of <i>Aquaculture Research</i>. In the past five years, he served as Chair of a Global Aquaculture Alliance committee that revised and updated best practices standards for fish feeds, a project that was completed in 2019, prior to his participation on this Review. In the past, also prior to this Review, he has been a principal investigator for grants and contracts awarded to the University of Idaho and received grants and contracts from industry or industry groups including the United Soybean Board, Enz-A-Bac, Midwest Ag Enterprises, Ajinomoto NA and Knipbio to assess feed ingredients for sustainable aquaculture. L.C. is a judge of the global F3 (fish-free feed) challenge. She was on the Scientific Advisory Board for the Aquaculture Stewardship Council between 2017 and 2019. She has no affiliations with for-profit companies. D.C.L. has received in-kind and financial support from a wide range of commercial and non-commercial entities, serves as a committee member for standards organizations and is a director of a commercial tilapia hatchery in Thailand. J.L. until recently served on the boards of The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Oceano Azul Foundation, Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation, the National Geographic Society, and Seafood Businesses for Ocean Stewardship (SeaBOS). She also co-chaired the Expert Group for the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy. She resigned from all of these roles in February 2021 when she took up her new position in the White House. M.T. is a member of the Program committee for The Marine and Coastal Science for Management (WIOMSA/MASMA), member of Action Areas and Solution Clusters Working Groups – Blue foods, United Nations Forum on Sustainability Standards (UNFSS), scientific lead for SeaBOS, and a Review Editor for <i>Aquaculture Environment Interactions</i>.

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