Vujkovic, Marijana http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4924-5714
Ramdas, Shweta
Lorenz, Kim M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-2942
Guo, Xiuqing http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-5068
Darlay, Rebecca
Cordell, Heather J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-5572
He, Jing
Gindin, Yevgeniy
Chung, Chuhan
Myers, Robert P.
Schneider, Carolin V.
Park, Joseph http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-641X
Lee, Kyung Min http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-0448
Serper, Marina
Carr, Rotonya M.
Kaplan, David E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-336X
Haas, Mary E.
MacLean, Matthew T.
Witschey, Walter R. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1669-2120
Zhu, Xiang http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-6413
Tcheandjieu, Catherine http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9559-4339
Kember, Rachel L. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8820-2659
Kranzler, Henry R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-0450
Verma, Anurag
Giri, Ayush http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-4670
Klarin, Derek M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-5780
Sun, Yan V. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2838-1824
Huang, Jie http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-4304
Huffman, Jennifer E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-2491
Creasy, Kate Townsend http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-4586
Hand, Nicholas J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-1816
Liu, Ching-Ti http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0742
Long, Michelle T.
Yao, Jie
Budoff, Matthew http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-1946
Tan, Jingyi
Li, Xiaohui
Lin, Henry J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6771-0486
Chen, Yii-Der Ida
Taylor, Kent D.
Chang, Ruey-Kang
Krauss, Ronald M.
Vilarinho, Silvia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-4212
Brancale, Joseph
Nielsen, Jonas B.
Locke, Adam E. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-198X
Jones, Marcus B.
Verweij, Niek
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Reddy, K. Rajender
Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7398
Schwimmer, Jeffrey B.
Sanyal, Arun J.
Chalasani, Naga
Ryan, Kathleen A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-8455
Mitchell, Braxton D.
Gill, Dipender http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-7078
Wells, Andrew D.
Manduchi, Elisabetta http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4110-3714
Saiman, Yedidya
Mahmud, Nadim
Miller, Donald R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7881-8801
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DuVall, Scott L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-3865
Lee, Jennifer S.
Assimes, Themistocles L. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-0009
Pyarajan, Saiju
Cho, Kelly
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Gaziano, J. Michael
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Khera, Amit V. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-5839
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Tsao, Philip S. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7274-9318
Saleheen, Danish http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-020X
Lotta, Luca A.
Bastarache, Lisa
Anstee, Quentin M.
Daly, Ann K.
Meigs, James B.
Rotter, Jerome I.
Lynch, Julie A. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0108-2127
Rader, Daniel J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-9876
Voight, Benjamin F. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6205-9994
Chang, Kyong-Mi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-9364
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2020
Accepted: 18 April 2022
First Online: 2 June 2022
Change Date: 2 March 2023
Change Type: Update
Change Details: In the PDF version of this article originally published, the second through fourth text columns of Methods text were interchanged and have now been corrected in the PDF version of the paper online.
Competing interests
: H.R.K. is a scientific advisory board member for Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Sophrosyne Pharmaceuticals and Enthion Pharmaceuticals; a consultant for Sobrera Pharmaceuticals; the recipient of research funding and medication supplies for an investigator-initiated study from Alkermes; a member of the American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology’s Alcohol Clinical Trials Initiative, which during the past 3 years was supported by Alkermes, Amygdala Neurosciences, Arbor Pharmaceuticals, Dicerna, Ethypharm, Indivior, Lundbeck, Mitsubishi and Otsuka; and is named as an inventor on the Patent Cooperation Treaty patent application #15/878,640 entitled ‘Genotype-guided dosing of opioid agonists,’ filed 24 January 2018. D.G. is employed part-time by Novo Nordisk. A.V.K. is an employee and holds equity in Verve Therapeutics; has served as a scientific advisor to Amgen, Third Rock Ventures, Illumina, and Foresite Labs; received a sponsored research agreement from IBM Research; and is listed as a co-inventor on a patent application for use of imaging data in assessing body fat distribution and associated cardiometabolic risk. S.J.A. is President of Sanyal Bio; has stock options in Genfit, Galmed, Exhalenz, Durect, Tiziana, Algernon and Indalo; has served as a consultant to Intercept, Gilead, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Medimmune, Merck, Allergan, Albireo, Boehringer Ingelhiem, Celgene, NGM, Glympse, Conatus, Genentech, Tern, Takeda, Hemoshear, Immuron, Surrozen, Poxel, Path AI, Second Genome, Zydus, Chiasma, Surrozen, Poxel, Blade, Pliant, Liposcience, Cymabay, Salix, Ferring and Teva; and his institution has received grants from Intercept, Gilead, Novartis, Merck, AstraZeneca, Malinckrodt, Pfizer, Lilly, Salix and Bristol Myers Squibb. V.C.U. has ownership interests in Sanyal Bio. K.R.R. is on the NASH Advisory Board at Novo Nordisk and receives grant support from TARGET-NASH, Bristol Myers Squibb and Intercept Pharmaceuticals. J.B.N., A.E.L., M.B.J., N.V., A.B., M.E.H. and L.A.L. receive salary, stocks and/or stock options from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. R.P.M. and C.C. are employees and shareholders of Gilead Sciences. Q.M.A. is coordinator of the EU IMI-2 LITMUS consortium, which is funded by the EU Horizon 2020 program and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations. Q.M.A. reports research grant funding from Allergan/Tobira, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Glympse Bio, Intercept, Novartis Pharma and Pfizer; Consultancy for 89Bio, Abbvie/Allergan, Akero, Altimentiv, Altimmune, AstraZeneca, Axcella, Blade, BMS, BNN Cardio, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cirius, CymaBay, EcoR1, E3Bio, Eli Lilly & Company, Galmed, Genentech, Genfit, Gilead, Grunthal, HistoIndex, Indalo, Intercept Pharma, Inventiva, IQVIA, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Madrigal, MedImmune, Medpace, Merck, Metacrine, NGMBio, North Sea Therapeutics, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, PathAI, Pfizer, Poxel, ProSciento, Raptor Pharma, Roche, Servier, Shionogi, Terns, The Medicines Company and Viking Therapeutics; speaker fees from Abbott Laboratories, Allergan/Tobira, BMS, Clinical Care Options, Falk, Fishawack, Genfit, Gilead, Integritas Communications, Kenes and Medscape; and royalties from Elsevier. S.M.D. receives research support from RenalytixAI and personal consulting fees from Calico Labs outside the scope of the current research. S.L.D. reports grants from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Biodesix, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Innocrin Pharmaceuticals, IQVIA, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Kantar Health, MDxHealth, Merck & Co, Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Novartis International and Parexel International Corporation through the University of Utah or Western Institute for Veteran Research outside the submitted work. C.J.O. is an employee of Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research. S.F.A.G. is the Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.