Muriuki, John Muthii http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4369-9547
Mentzer, Alexander J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4502-2209
Mitchell, Ruth
Webb, Emily L.
Etyang, Anthony O.
Kyobutungi, Catherine
Morovat, Alireza http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-7992
Kimita, Wandia
Ndungu, Francis M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8977-0030
Macharia, Alex W.
Ngetsa, Caroline J.
Makale, Johnstone
Lule, Swaib A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-2033
Musani, Solomon K.
Raffield, Laura M.
Cutland, Clare L.
Sirima, Sodiomon B. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-4211
Diarra, Amidou
Tiono, Alfred B.
Fried, Michal
Gwamaka, Moses
Adu-Afarwuah, Seth http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2720-5474
Wirth, James P. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-0379
Wegmüller, Rita http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-1939
Madhi, Shabir A.
Snow, Robert W.
Hill, Adrian V. S. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0900-9629
Rockett, Kirk A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-9299
Sandhu, Manjinder S.
Kwiatkowski, Dominic P. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5023-0176
Prentice, Andrew M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-451X
Byrd, Kendra A.
Ndjebayi, Alex
Stewart, Christine P.
Engle-Stone, Reina
Green, Tim J.
Karakochuk, Crystal D.
Suchdev, Parminder S.
Bejon, Philip
Duffy, Patrick E. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4483-5005
Davey Smith, George http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8314
Elliott, Alison M.
Williams, Thomas N.
Atkinson, Sarah H. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-4402
Funding for this research was provided by:
DELTAS Africa Initiative [DEL-15-003]
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00011/1, U1232661351, U105960371, MC-A760-5QX00, MC_UU_00011/1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32 HL129982)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI52059)
UNICEF (43210308, 43210308)
Wellcome Trust (103602, 212176, 203077, 064693, 079110, 095778, 103951, 110255, 202800)
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (R25 TW009343)
Thrasher Research Fund (12144, 11860, 12144)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPPGD759)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI52059)
Wellcome Trust (106289)
Oxford University Clinical Academic School Transitional Fellowship
Article History
Received: 12 June 2020
Accepted: 12 January 2021
First Online: 22 February 2021
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.