Hippisley-Cox, Julia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2479-7283
Coupland, Carol A. C.
Bafadhel, Mona
Russell, Richard E. K.
Sheikh, Aziz http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-3056
Brindle, Peter http://orcid.org/0009-0003-0641-7341
Channon, Keith M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-4342
Funding for this research was provided by:
Oxford University | John Fell Fund, University of Oxford
Article History
Received: 21 July 2023
Accepted: 4 March 2024
First Online: 18 April 2024
Competing interests
: All authors have completed the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors uniform disclosure form at . J.H.-C. reports grants from the National Institute for Health Research, John Fell Oxford University Press Research Fund, Cancer Research UK (C5255/A18085), Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund (204826/Z/16/Z) and other research councils during the conduct of the study. J.H.-C. is an unpaid director of QResearch, a not-for-profit organization that is a partnership between the University of Oxford and EMIS Health, which supplied the QResearch database used in this work. Until 9 August 2023, J.H.-C. had a 50% shareholding in ClinRisk and co-owned it with her husband, who was an executive director. On 9 August 2023, 100% of the share capital was donated to Endeavour Health Care Charitable Trust, and the company was renamed Endeavour Predict. J.H.-C. is an unpaid consultant to Endeavour Predict, and her husband is a nonexecutive director to cover the transition. The company licenses software both to the private sector and to NHS bodies or bodies that provide services to the NHS (through GP electronic health records providers, pharmacies, hospital providers and other NHS providers). This software implements algorithms (including QRISK3) that were developed from the QResearch database during her time at the University of Nottingham. C.A.C.C. reports receiving personal fees from ClinRisk outside of this work. K.M.C. reports grant funding from the British Heart Foundation and is an academic cofounder, shareholder and the director of Caristo Diagnostics, a University of Oxford cardiac image analysis spin-out company. M.B. received grants paid to her institution from AstraZeneca, Roche, Asthma + Lung UK and Horizon Europe, consulting fees or honoraria paid to her institution from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, GSK and Areteia, and support from Chiesi for attending meetings.