Fabrick, Jeffrey A.
LeRoy, Dannialle M.
Unnithan, Gopalan C.
Yelich, Alex J.
Carrière, Yves
Li, Xianchun
Tabashnik, Bruce E.
Article History
Received: 12 March 2020
Accepted: 22 April 2020
First Online: 14 May 2020
Competing interests
: This is a cooperative investigation between USDA ARS and the University of Arizona, with J.A.F., Y.C., and B.E.T. receiving funding from USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Program Grant #2018-67013-27821) and Corteva Agriscience (agreement #58-3K95-4-1666) to support this work. D.L., G.C.U, and A.J.Y declare no potential conflict of interest. J.A.F. is coauthor of a patent “Cadherin Receptor Peptide for Potentiating Bt Biopesticides” (patent numbers: US20090175974A1, US8354371, WO2009067487A2, WO2009067487A3). B.E.T. is a coauthor of a patent on modified Bt toxins, “Suppression of Resistance in Insects to <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry Toxins, Using Toxins that do not Require the Cadherin Receptor” (patent numbers: CA2690188A1, CN101730712A, EP2184293A2, EP2184293A4, EP2184293B1, WO2008150150A2, WO2008150150A3). Bayer Crop Science, BASF, and Syngenta did not provide funding to support this work but may be affected financially by publication of this paper and have funded other work by J.A.F., Y.C., X.L., and/or B.E.T.