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Article History
Received: 9 April 2021
Accepted: 14 February 2022
First Online: 27 April 2022
Competing interests
: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form publicly available at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: during the conduct of the study; JW reports he is an employee of ZOE Global Ltd; TDS reports he has acted as a consultant for ZOE Global Ltd; PJMO reports personal fees from Consultancy, grants from MRC, grants from EU Grant, grants from NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, grants from MRC/GSK, grants from Wellcome Trust, grants from NIHR (HPRU), grants from NIHR Senior Investigator, personal fees from European Respiratory Society, grants from MRC Global Challenge Research Fund, outside the submitted work; and The role of President of the British Society for Immunology was an unpaid appointment but my travel and accommodation at some meetings is provided by the Society; AMD reports grants from Department of Health and Social Care, during the conduct of the study; grants from Wellcome Trust, outside the submitted work; JKB reports grants from DHSC National Institute of Health Research UK, grants from Medical Research Council UK, grants from Wellcome Trust, grants from Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust, grants from Intensive Care Society, grants from Chief Scientist Office, during the conduct of the study; MGS reports grants from DHSC National Institute of Health Research UK, grants from Medical Research Council UK, grants from Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging & Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, during the conduct of the study; other from Integrum Scientific LLC, Greensboro, NC, USA, outside the submitted work; the remaining authors declare no competing interests; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.