Murata, Toshinori
Kondo, Mineo
Inoue, Makoto
Nakao, Shintaro
Osaka, Rie
Shiragami, Chieko
Sogawa, Kenji
Mochizuki, Akikazu
Shiraga, Rumiko
Kaneko, Takeumi
Chandrasekhar, Chikatapu
Tsujikawa, Akitaka
Kamei, Motohiro
Article History
Received: 10 November 2021
Accepted: 5 April 2022
First Online: 10 May 2022
Competing interests
: This study was funded by Novartis Pharma K.K., Tokyo, Japan. The sponsor participated in the design of the study; conducting the study; data collection; data management; data analysis; interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, and approval of the manuscript. T.M.: honorarium and grants (for involvement in the data monitoring board, study design, manuscript preparation, and statistical analysis) from Novartis Pharma K.K. for the submitted work; and honoraria for lecturing from Alcon Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Bayer AG, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., and Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and a research grant from Bayer AG, outside the submitted work. M.Ko.: grants and personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K. for the submitted work. M.I.: personal fees (lecture fees) from Novartis Pharma K.K. for the submitted work; and research grants from Alcon Laboratories, Inc., and personal fees (lecture fees) from Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Alcon Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Bayer AG, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Novartis Pharma K.K., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. outside the submitted work. S.N.: personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K. for the submitted work; and grants from Alcon Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Bayer AG, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Bayer AG, Canon Inc., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis Pharma K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and non-financial support from Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work. R.O.: grants and personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K. for the submitted work. A.M.: employee – Novartis Pharma K.K. R.S.: employee – Novartis Pharma K.K. T.K.: employee – Novartis Pharma K.K. C.C.: employee – Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. A.T.: grants and personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K. for the submitted work; and grants from Alcon Japan Ltd., Alcon Pharmaceuticals Ltd., AMO Japan K.K., Canon Inc., Findex Inc., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tomey Corporation, and Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from AMO Japan K.K., Canon Inc., Nitten Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., and Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and personal fees (advisory board) from Alcon Japan Ltd., Alcon Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Allergan Japan K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Hoya Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Kyoto Drug Discovery & Development Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work. M.Ka.: grants from Novartis Pharma K.K. for the submitted work; grants and personal fees from Alcon Japan Ltd., Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Hoya Corporation, Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Pfizer Inc., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; grants from AMO Japan K.K., JapanContact Lens K.K., and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; and personal fees from AbbVie Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., Johnson & Johnson, and Leica Microsystems GmbH, outside the submitted work. C.S.: no conflicts of interest to disclose. K.S.: no conflicts of interest to disclose.