Chen, Cheng
Hennessy, Sean
Brensinger, Colleen M.
Acton, Emily K.
Bilker, Warren B.
Chung, Sophie P.
Dawwas, Ghadeer K.
Horn, John R.
Miano, Todd A.
Pham Nguyen, Thanh Phuong
Leonard, Charles E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R01CE003347)
National Institutes of Health (R01AG060975, R01DA048001, R01AG064589, R01AG025152)
Article History
Received: 23 March 2022
Accepted: 31 August 2022
First Online: 16 September 2022
Competing interests
: Dr. Leonard is an Executive Committee Member of and Dr. Hennessy directs the University of Pennsylvania’s Center for Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Therapeutics. The Center receives funds from Pfizer and Sanofi to support pharmacoepidemiology education. Dr. Leonard recently received honoraria from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Foundation, HealthCanada, the University of Florida, the University of Massachusetts, the Scientific and Data Coordinating Center for the NIDDK-funded Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, and the Consortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research. Dr. Leonard is a Special Government Employee of the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration and consults for their Reagan-Udall Foundation. Dr. Leonard receives travel support from John Wiley & Sons. Dr. Leonard’s spouse is an employee of Merck; neither Dr. Leonard nor his spouse owns stock in the company. Dr. Horn is co-author and publisher of <i>The Top 100 Drug Interactions: A Guide to Patient Management</i> and a consultant to Urovant Sciences and Seegnal US. Dr. Bilker serves on multiple data safety monitoring boards for Genentech. Dr. Hennessy has consulted for multiple pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Pham Nguyen receives support from Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., unrelated to this project. All other authors declared no competing interests for this work.