Hoepner, Robert
Rodgers, Stephanie
Stegmayer, Katharina
Steinemann, Nina
Haag, Christina
Calabrese, Pasquale
Manjaly, Zina-Mary
Salmen, Anke
Kesselring, Jürg
Zecca, Chiara
Gobbi, Claudio
Puhan, Milo A.
Walther, Sebastian
von Wyl, Viktor
Funding for this research was provided by:
Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft
Merck, Novartis, Roche, Biogen, Alexion, Sanofi, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Almirall, Chiesi
Hartmann-Müller Foundation
Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Roche, Baasch Medicus Foundation
Abbvie, Almirall, Biogen Idec, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Genzyme, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, Teva Pharma, Roche
Article History
Received: 11 April 2022
Accepted: 14 October 2022
First Online: 24 October 2022
Competing interests
: Robert Hoepner received speaker/advisor honorary from Merck, Novartis, Roche, Biogen, Alexion, Sanofi, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Almirall. He received research support within the last 5 years from Roche, Merck, Sanofi, Biogen, Chiesi, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. He also received research grants from the Swiss MS Society und is a member of the Advisory Board of the Swiss MS Society. He also serves as associated editor for Journal of Central Nervous System disease. All conflicts are not related to this work. Stephanie Rodgers was funded by a grant from the Hartmann–Müller Foundation. Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (employer) received compensation for Chiara Zecca’s speaking activities, consulting fees, or research grants from Abbvie, Almirall, Biogen Idec, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Genzyme, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, Teva Pharma, Roche. Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (employer) received compensation for Claudio Gobbi’s speaking activities, consulting fees, or research grants from Abbvie, Almirall, Biogen Idec, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Genzyme, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, Teva Pharma, Roche. Sebastian Walther received honoraria from Lundbeck, Mepha, and Neurolite in the past 3 years for scientific talks in educational activities; all unrelated to this work. Katharina Stegmayer, Nina Steinemann, Christina Haag, Pasquale Calabrese, Zina-Mary Manjaly, Jürg Kesselring, Milo A. Puhan, and Viktor von Wyl declare no conflicts of interest. Salmen A received speaker honoraria and/or travel compensation for activities with Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Roche, and research support by Baasch Medicus Foundation and the Swiss MS Society. She serves on the Editorial Board of Frontiers in Neurology—Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology. All not related to this work.