Kujala, Miiamaaria V.
Imponen, Noora
Pirkkala, Aino
Silfverberg, Tiia
Parviainen, Tiina
Tiira, Katriina
Kiuru, Noona
Funding for this research was provided by:
Academia of Finland (#341092)
Article History
Received: 10 March 2023
Accepted: 31 August 2023
First Online: 7 September 2023
Competing interests
: Katriina Tiira is the CEO of SmartDOG Oy, the company that collected the dog behavior data used in this study. Otherwise, the authors declare that they have no competing interests.