Wang, Tse-En
Lee, Chun-I.
Huang, Chun-Chia
Tsao, Hui-Mei
Chang, Hui-Chen
Chang, Li-Sheng
Chang, T. Arthur
Lee, Maw-Sheng
Hsu, Cheng-Teng
Article History
Received: 14 June 2023
Accepted: 26 October 2023
First Online: 3 November 2023
Competing interests
: This study was supported by Bonraybio Co., Ltd. C.T. Hsu the owner of Bonraybio Co., Ltd., and T.E. Wang, H.C. Chang, L.S. Chang are employees of Bonraybio Co., Ltd. The employer (C.I. Lee, C.C. Huang, H.M. Tsao, M.S. Lee) of Lee Women’s Hospital has collaborated with Bonraybio Co., Ltd. for IRB approval to obtain human samples to complete this collaborative project. T.A. Chang reports non-financial support from Bonraybio Co., Ltd. Bonraybio Co., Ltd. reports patent applications “Sperm DNA fragmentation kit” granted in Taiwan (patent number: I777336), and published in People’s Republic of China (publication number: CN114660059A), the United State (publication no: US20220195492A1 and US20230075204A1), and Europe (publication no: EP4019646A1).