Frank, Richard A. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-1217
Jarrin, Robert http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4188-0094
Pritzker, Jordan
Abramoff, Michael D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0037
Repka, Michael X.
Baird, Pat D.
Marlene Grenon, S.
Mahoney, Megan Ruth
Mattison, John E. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-1835
Silva, Ezequiel III http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-6150
Article History
Received: 17 June 2022
Accepted: 15 November 2022
First Online: 3 December 2022
Competing interests
: R.A.F. reports the following competing interests: Principal, Frank Healthcare Advisors, LLC; member, CPT Editorial Panel. Sits on the Board of and is a minor shareholder in a Canadian innovator, Optina Diagnostics, which has no marketed products. Serves as Entrepreneur in Residence of DigitalDx Ventures I, L.P. Provides expert testimony to FDA, CMS, US Congress, WHO, IAEA, et alia. M.D.A. reports the following competing interests: Investor, Director, Consultant, Founder, Digital Diagnostics Inc; patents and patent applications assigned to the University of Iowa and Digital Diagnostics that are relevant to the subject matter of this manuscript; Chair Healthcare AI Coalition, Washington DC; member, American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) AI Committee; member. J.M. reports the following competing interests: Operating Partner and Chief Medical Information Officer of Arsenal Capital Partners which invests in companies that use AI to enhance clinical products and services. E.S. reports the following competing interests: Chair, RVS Update Committee (RUC). Other authors do not report financial and non-financial competing interests as defined by Nature Research, that might be perceived to influence the interpretation of the paper.