Chrysafi, Anna http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-9371
Virkki, Vili http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-3420
Jalava, Mika http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-7462
Sandström, Vilma
Piipponen, Johannes http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2925-3397
Porkka, Miina http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-6122
Lade, Steven J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-9826
La Mere, Kelsey
Wang-Erlandsson, Lan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7739-5069
Scherer, Laura http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-9942
Andersen, Lauren S. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-0503
Bennett, Elena
Brauman, Kate A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-285X
Cooper, Gregory S.
De Palma, Adriana
Döll, Petra http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-4546
Downing, Andrea S. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-9355
DuBois, Timothy C.
Fetzer, Ingo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7335-5679
Fulton, Elizabeth A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-7917
Gerten, Dieter http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6991
Jaafar, Hadi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2612-3191
Jägermeyr, Jonas http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-0018
Jaramillo, Fernando http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6769-0136
Jung, Martin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-1390
Kahiluoto, Helena http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4460-8523
Lassaletta, Luis http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-2149
Mackay, Anson W.
Mason-D’Croz, Daniel http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-2301
Mekonnen, Mesfin M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3573-9759
Nash, Kirsty L. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-3197
Pastor, Amandine V. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-7705
Ramankutty, Navin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3737-5717
Ridoutt, Brad http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-0427
Siebert, Stefan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9998-0672
Simmons, Benno I. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-9430
Staal, Arie http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1436
Sun, Zhongxiao http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-8260
Tobian, Arne http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-7226
Usubiaga-Liaño, Arkaitz http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-5489
van der Ent, Ruud J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-4333
van Soesbergen, Arnout
Verburg, Peter H. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6977-7104
Wada, Yoshihide http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-2539
Zipper, Sam http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-5757
Kummu, Matti http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-0163
Article History
Received: 16 November 2021
Accepted: 1 July 2022
First Online: 15 August 2022
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Aalto University research ethics committee does not require an ethical review statement for an expert elicitation such as the one conducted here. We thus followed the ethical guidelines for an expert elicitation provided by ref. <sup>19</sup>. All experts filled a consent form upon participation agreement, where they acknowledged that they accept the terms and conditions, as described in the form. They were given the opportunity to withdraw from the process at any stage. During the elicitation process, expert judgements and personal information was de-identified by using pseudonyms for experts. The data collected during the elicitation but not released with the article are stored securely within the Aalto University IT services. The services include a snapshot feature and regular backups, making file versions automatically to recover from unwanted deletions—tape backups provide system-level disaster recovery.