McAfee, Alison http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-6649
Chapman, Abigail http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-6709
Pettis, Jeffery S.
Foster, Leonard J.
Tarpy, David R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (532584)
Canadian Bee Research Fund
Mitacs
United States Department of Agriculture | National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Article History
Received: 17 June 2020
Accepted: 10 December 2020
First Online: 8 January 2021
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: J.S.P. owns a honey bee consulting business.