Bortz, Jordan http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-2971
Guariglia, Andrea
Klaric, Lucija
Tang, David http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6974-5663
Ward, Peter
Geer, Michael
Chadeau-Hyam, Marc http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-5436
Vuckovic, Dragana http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-6142
Joshi, Peter K. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-5059
Article History
Received: 14 February 2023
Accepted: 13 October 2023
First Online: 26 October 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: during preparation of this manuscript, P.K.J. and J.B. were paid consultants to Humanity Inc, a company focussed on measuring and developing interventions for Biological Age. L.K. was an employee of Humanity Inc. A.G. was formerly a paid consultant of Humanity Inc. M.G. and P.W. are founders of Humanity Inc and are employees and hold ordinary shares. P.K.J., M.G. and P.W. are partly remunerated under a Humanity Inc share option scheme. P.K.J. is founder of Geromica, a consultancy providing advice on measurement of health and aging. M.C.-H. holds shares in the O-SMOSE company and has no conflict of interest to disclose. Consulting activities conducted by the company are independent of the present work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
: This work used existing datasets (UK Biobank), for which ethical approval (including informed consent) had been obtained by UK Biobank for health investigation at the time of collection.