Mendelsohn, Simon C. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-2766
Mbandi, Stanley Kimbung http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6121-9039
Fiore-Gartland, Andrew
Penn-Nicholson, Adam http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-0059
Musvosvi, Munyaradzi
Mulenga, Humphrey
Fisher, Michelle
Hadley, Katie
Erasmus, Mzwandile
Nombida, Onke
Tameris, Michèle
Walzl, Gerhard http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-125X
Naidoo, Kogieleum
Churchyard, Gavin
Hatherill, Mark
Scriba, Thomas J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-1359
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Fogarty International Center (D43 TW010559)
South African Medical Research Council (N/A)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1137034, OPP1151915)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (AI123780)
Article History
Received: 7 October 2021
Accepted: 10 February 2022
First Online: 10 March 2022
Competing interests
: A.P.-N., G.W., G.C., T.J.S., and M.H. report grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, during the conduct of the study; A.P.-N., K.N., and G.W. report grants from the South African Medical Research Council, during the conduct of the study; K.N. reports a grant from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, G.W. and T.J.S. report grants from the South African National Research Foundation, during the conduct of the study. In addition, A.P.-N. and T.J.S. have a patent of the RISK11 (Darboe11) and RISK6 (Penn-Nicholson6) signatures issued; G.W. and T.J.S. have a patent of the RISK4 (Suliman4) signature pending. G.W. has a patent “TB diagnostic markers” (PCT/IB2013/054377) issued and a patent “Method for diagnosing TB” (PCT/IB2017/052142) pending. All other authors had nothing to disclose.