Kepler, C K
Schroeder, G D
Martin, N D
Vaccaro, A R
Cohen, M
Weinstein, M S
Article History
Received: 9 January 2015
Revised: 9 March 2015
Accepted: 10 March 2015
First Online: 28 April 2015
Competing interests
: The authors acknowledge the following conflicts: Christopher Kepler—Consultant for Healthgrades Inc. Gregory Schroeder—Received fund to travel to meetings from Medtronic. Alexander Vaccaro—Consultant: Medtronic, Stryker, Globus, Stout, Gerson Lehrman Group, Guidepoint Global, Medacorp, Innovative Surgical Design, Orthobullets, Expert testimony, Ellipse. Service on Scientific Advisory Board / Board of Directors / Service on Committees: Innovative Surgical Design, Spinicity. Royalites: Thieme, Jaypee, Elseviere, Taylor Francis, Aesculap, Globus, Medtronic, Stryker, DePuy. Institutional Support: Cerapedics. Stocks: Spine Medica, Computational Biodynamics, Progressive Spinal Technologies, Spinology, Small Bone Innovations, Cross Current, In Vivo, Flagship Surgical, Advanced Spinal Intellectual Properties, Cytonics, Bonovo Orthopaedics, Electrocore, Gamma Spine, Location Based Intelligence, FlowPharma, R.S.I., Replication Medica, Globus, Stout Medical, Rothman Institute and Related Properties, Innovative Surgical Design, Spinicity. Niels D Martin, Murray Cohen and Michael S Weinstein report no conflicts.