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Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM): a SmartPLS 4 software tutorial

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-025-00414-6

Published Online: 2025-06-07

Published Print: 2025-09

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Hair, Joseph F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-9693
Babin, Barry J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-2810
Ringle, Christian M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-8804
Sarstedt, Marko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-4268
Becker, Jan-Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-3739
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Technische Universität Hamburg
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-06-07

Version of Record valid from 2025-06-07
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Article History

Revised: 7 May 2025

Accepted: 8 May 2025

First Online: 7 June 2025