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China’s provincial implicit debt: estimation, determinants, and fiscal risk using machine learning and system GMM

Published Online: 2026-04-06

Published Print: 2026-05

Authors

Zhao, Xintao

Hu, Wenxiu

Zhao, Bingqian
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (71971169)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-06

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-06
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Article History

Received: 18 December 2025

Accepted: 22 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

: Not applicable.

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