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Authors
AlQodsi, Enas Mohammed
Al Shawabkeh, Ibrahim
Shouaib, Magdi
Ibrahim, Abouelwafa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United Arab Emirates University
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Article History
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 27 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Federal Decree-Law No. 45 of 2021 on the Protection of Personal Data (UAE). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR). California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA). Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais (LGPD), Law No. 13,709 of 2018 (Brazil). Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (Singapore). DIFC Data Protection Law No. 5 of 2020. ADGM Data Protection Regulations 2021.
