Heo, Seulkee http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-5002
Chan, Alisha Yee
Diaz Peralta, Pedro
Jin, Lan
Pereira Nunes, Claudia Ribeiro
Bell, Michelle L. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-1359
Article History
Received: 31 August 2022
Accepted: 25 November 2022
First Online: 3 December 2022
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: A full review of this research was deemed exempt by the Yale University Human Subjects Committee because all participants had to agree with the informed online consent form before participating in the online anonymous survey. The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Human Subjects Committee of Yale University (Protocol number: 2000031343). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: An online written consent form was provided on the first page of the anonymous survey questionnaire to potential participants of this study. The rest pages of the survey only continued for and collected responses from the participants who had signed the consent form. The survey only targeted adults and no participants needed legal guardians to participate in this study. The online consent form informed the participants of the purpose of the research, potential risks, and benefits to participants. Verbal consent forms were not obtained from the participants as this survey was anonymous (no collection of personal information), there were no direct contacts between the participants and authors, and the survey was conducted entirely online.