Article History
Received: 12 July 2022
Accepted: 23 March 2023
First Online: 31 March 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not applicable. This study used the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, and this data is fully open to the academic community. ().
: The consent was deemed not necessary. This study used the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, and this data is fully open to the academic community. ().