Sun, Li
Fan, Lin
Xu, Mengling
Article History
Received: 13 September 2022
Accepted: 27 March 2023
First Online: 15 April 2023
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the general committee of the Office of Academic Research at PLA Information Engineering University. The ethical approval required voluntary participation and informed consent. Therefore, the aim and procedures were explained to the participants.
: Participation was voluntary. The study did not induce any physical, emotional, or psychological issues in the participants and did not involve any privacy risks or main ethical issues. All participants provided consent, emphasizing the voluntary nature of the participation. Participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time, regardless of at which phase they were, without any penalty. They were also informed about the procedures before the tasks. They were aware of what would happen and how the tasks would be done.